$VAR          # Simple expansion
${VAR}        # Bracketed expansion
${VAR:-default}  # Default if unset
${#VAR}       # Length of variable

$(command)    # Modern syntax
`command`     # Legacy syntax

$((expression))   # Arithmetic expansion
((expression))    # Arithmetic evaluation

# Conditionals
if [ condition ]; then
    commands
elif [ condition ]; then
    commands
else
    commands
fi

# For loops
for item in list; do
    commands
done

# While loops
while [ condition ]; do
    commands
done

function_name() {
    commands
    return value
}

# Call function
function_name arg1 arg2

# Create directory structure
mkdir -p projects/nønos/src

# Find all Rust files
find . -name "*.rs"

# Copy with progress
cp -v large_file.bin /mnt/usb/

# Show disk usage sorted by size
du -sh * | sort -h

# Search for pattern in files
grep -r "TODO" src/

# Count lines in all .rs files
find . -name "*.rs" | xargs wc -l

# Extract specific columns
cat data.csv | cut -d',' -f1,3

# Sort and remove duplicates
sort file.txt | uniq

# Check connectivity
ping -c 4 example.com

# Download file
wget https://example.com/file.tar.gz

# HTTP request with curl
curl -X GET https://api.example.com/data

# Show network interfaces
ifconfig -a

# Generate SHA-256 checksum
sha256sum kernel.bin

# Generate random 32 bytes (hex)
random 32 | xxd -p

# Check vault status
vault status

# List capabilities
capabilities

# Show all processes
ps aux

# Kill process by name
killall firefox

# Run command in background
long_running_task &

# Bring to foreground
fg %1

command
echo $?  # Print exit code